IP Threat Report
158.158.41.78
ABUSE.MOM — BEHAVE OR GET EXPOSED
Geolocation & Classification
Detection Signatures
| Signature | Description | Points | Severity |
|---|---|---|---|
| 404 ratio 40-60% | Majority of requests returned 404 — enumeration | +15 | |
| 404 ratio >= 60% | Majority of requests returned 404 — enumeration | +25 | |
| Burst 100/10s | Abnormally fast request rate — automated scanning | +35 | |
| Burst 104/10s | Abnormally fast request rate — automated scanning | +35 | |
| Burst 112/10s | Abnormally fast request rate — automated scanning | +35 | |
| Burst 118/10s | Abnormally fast request rate — automated scanning | +35 | |
| Burst 121/10s | Abnormally fast request rate — automated scanning | +35 | |
| Burst 32/2s | Abnormally fast request rate — automated scanning | +35 | |
| Burst 34/2s | Abnormally fast request rate — automated scanning | +35 | |
| Burst 35/2s | Abnormally fast request rate — automated scanning | +35 | |
| Burst 36/2s | Abnormally fast request rate — automated scanning | +35 | |
| Burst 37/2s | Abnormally fast request rate — automated scanning | +35 | |
| Burst 38/2s | Abnormally fast request rate — automated scanning | +35 | |
| Burst 39/2s | Abnormally fast request rate — automated scanning | +35 | |
| Burst 40/2s | Abnormally fast request rate — automated scanning | +35 | |
| Burst 53/10s | Abnormally fast request rate — automated scanning | +35 | |
| Burst 82/10s | Abnormally fast request rate — automated scanning | +35 | |
| Burst 84/10s | Abnormally fast request rate — automated scanning | +35 | |
| Burst 96/10s | Abnormally fast request rate — automated scanning | +35 | |
| Danger medium hits: 1 | Medium-risk: admin panels, config files | +10 | |
| Danger medium hits: 180 | Medium-risk: admin panels, config files | +60 | |
| Danger medium hits: 182 | Medium-risk: admin panels, config files | +60 | |
| Danger medium hits: 185 | Medium-risk: admin panels, config files | +60 | |
| Danger medium hits: 186 | Medium-risk: admin panels, config files | +60 | |
| Danger medium hits: 72 | Medium-risk: admin panels, config files | +60 | |
| Danger medium hits: 73 | Medium-risk: admin panels, config files | +60 | |
| Danger medium hits: 90 | Medium-risk: admin panels, config files | +60 | |
| Danger medium hits: 92 | Medium-risk: admin panels, config files | +60 | |
| Danger strong hits: 1 | High-risk paths: shells, RCE vectors, exploits | +25 | |
| Danger strong hits: 13 | High-risk paths: shells, RCE vectors, exploits | +100 | |
| Danger strong hits: 16 | High-risk paths: shells, RCE vectors, exploits | +100 | |
| Danger strong hits: 43 | High-risk paths: shells, RCE vectors, exploits | +100 | |
| Danger strong hits: 59 | High-risk paths: shells, RCE vectors, exploits | +100 | |
| Danger strong hits: 60 | High-risk paths: shells, RCE vectors, exploits | +100 | |
| Danger strong hits: 79 | High-risk paths: shells, RCE vectors, exploits | +100 | |
| Probe 302→404 | Behavioral anomaly detected by automated analysis | +20 | |
| UA suspicious | Behavioral anomaly detected by automated analysis | +15 |
Observed Activity
Reconstructed HTTP requests from server access logs. Target domains redacted for security.
* Typical request patterns for detected signatures. Actual target domains are redacted.
Timeline
Network Provider
Recommendations
Actions taken & recommended
- IP 158.158.41.78 is blocked at application level (HTTP 403)
- Consider blocking at firewall level (iptables/CSF) to reduce server load
- Report abuse to the network provider via their abuse contact
- Ensure sensitive files (.env, .git, backups) are not accessible from the web
🔎 Directory Scan Defense
IP 158.158.41.78 is enumerating directories. Configure fail2ban apache-404 jail after 10+ 404 errors. Disable directory listings. Normalize all 404 responses.
🌊 Flood / DDoS Mitigation
Implement limit_req_zone in nginx. Deploy CDN with DDoS protection. Configure SYN cookies and connection tracking to throttle 158.158.41.78.
🤖 Bot Detection
Address UA spoofing from 158.158.41.78: maintain blocklist of known malicious UA strings, require consistent UA across sessions, implement TLS fingerprinting.
Blacklist Status (DNSBL)
This IP was checked against major DNS-based blacklists used by mail servers and firewalls worldwide.
Checked: Spamhaus, SpamCop, Barracuda, SORBS, CBL, UCEProtect. Results may change over time.
Threat Analysis
158.158.41.78 has been assigned a threat score of 280/100 (Critical). This is a critical-level threat. Systems administrators should treat this IP as hostile and block all inbound connections without exception.
The following attack categories were identified:
📊 Threat Analysis
Threat intelligence analysis has linked 158.158.41.78 to malicious activity originating from Madrid, Spain, operating on the network of Microsoft Corporation. The address has been under observation since its initial detection. Over a period of 6 days, this IP generated 575 malicious requests, averaging approximately 95.8 requests per day. Classified as a hosting IP, this address likely runs on a rented server or cloud instance. Attackers prefer datacenter IPs for their high bandwidth and disposable nature. The combination of 3 distinct attack vectors indicates a sophisticated, multi-pronged threat actor deploying automated tools that probe multiple attack surfaces simultaneously. At 280/100, this is an extremely high-risk address. All traffic should be considered hostile.
This IP belongs to a hosting or data center provider. Malicious traffic from hosting infrastructure often originates from compromised VPS instances, rented servers used for scanning campaigns, or abused free-tier cloud accounts. Hosting providers typically respond to abuse reports within 24-72 hours.
Related Threats
Security Intelligence
💡 DDoS Mitigation Approaches
Distributed denial of service attacks overwhelm infrastructure with traffic volume. Effective mitigation combines always-on traffic scrubbing, anycast network distribution, rate limiting, and the ability to quickly scale absorption capacity during attacks.
💡 IP Geolocation Accuracy Limitations
IP geolocation databases provide approximate locations with varying accuracy. City-level geolocation is typically 50-80% accurate, while country-level exceeds 95%. VPNs, proxies, and mobile networks further reduce reliability, making geolocation a useful but imperfect intelligence signal.